What Is Methaqualone?

Methaqualone, commonly known by its brand name Quaalude, is a sedative-hypnotic drug that was widely prescribed in the 1960s and 1970s for the treatment of insomnia and anxiety. It was first synthesized in 1951 in India and gained popularity in the United States during the 1960s disco era, often referred to as a “disco biscuit” due to its euphoric and disinhibiting effects. However, due to its high potential for abuse and addiction, methaqualone was withdrawn from the market and is now classified as a Schedule I controlled substance in many countries, including the United States.

How Does Methaqualone Work?

Methaqualone exerts its effects by modulating the activity of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors in the brain. Specifically, it acts as a positive allosteric modulator at certain GABA_A receptor subtypes, enhancing the inhibitory effects of GABA neurotransmission. This action leads to sedation, muscle relaxation, and anxiolytic effects. Unlike benzodiazepines, methaqualone binds to a distinct site on the GABA_A receptor, which may contribute to its unique pharmacological profile.

Dosage and Administration

The standard single tablet dose of Quaalude was 300 mg when manufactured by Lemmon Company. However, due to the drug’s high potential for abuse and overdose, methaqualone has been withdrawn from the market and is no longer legally available for medical use. Illicitly produced methaqualone tablets are often sold on the black market, and their potency can vary significantly, increasing the risk of overdose.

Side Effects

Common side effects of methaqualone include:

• Dizziness

• Drowsiness

• Poor coordination

• Delayed or slowed reflexes

• Nausea and vomiting

• Headache

• Blurred vision

Serious side effects may include:

• Delirium

• Hallucinations

• Seizures

• Coma

• Respiratory depression

• Death

The risk of serious side effects is increased when methaqualone is combined with other central nervous system depressants, such as alcohol or benzodiazepines.

Safety Precautions

• Alcohol Interaction: Avoid consuming alcohol while taking methaqualone, as it can enhance the sedative effects and increase the risk of overdose.

• Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Methaqualone is not recommended during pregnancy or breastfeeding due to potential risks to the fetus or infant.

• Drug Interactions: Methaqualone can interact with other medications, leading to increased sedation or other adverse effects. Consult a healthcare provider before combining methaqualone with other drugs.

Legal Status

Methaqualone was initially placed in Schedule II of the Controlled Substances Act in the United States in 1973 due to concerns over its abuse potential. In 1984, it was moved to Schedule I, indicating that it has a high potential for abuse and no currently accepted medical use. Similarly, in the United Kingdom, methaqualone is classified as a Class B drug, making its production and distribution illegal. 

Conclusion

Methaqualone was once a widely used medication for the treatment of insomnia and anxiety. However, due to its high potential for abuse, addiction, and overdose, it has been withdrawn from the market and is now illegal in many countries. Individuals seeking treatment for sleep disorders or anxiety should consult a healthcare provider for safer and more effective alternatives.